The Channel That Carried 5.69 Cubic Meters per Second
Hydraulic radius is not automatically equal to flow depth. Manning discharge depends on area, wetted perimeter, roughness, and slope.
Hydraulic radius is not automatically equal to flow depth. Manning discharge depends on area, wetted perimeter, roughness, and slope.
A horizontal pipe can still lose static pressure when the flow accelerates because velocity head increases.
Halving pipe diameter reduces area to one-quarter, so constant-flow velocity becomes four times larger.
Zero velocity does not mean zero pressure. A static water column develops pressure that increases with depth.