Effect of Drought Stress, Soil Salinity, P. indica, and MWCNs on Biodegradation of Diesel Oil in the Pb- and Cd-Polluted Soil Under Cultivation of Triticale Plant

This research tackles an important environmental issue regarding the co-contamination of soils with heavy metals (Pb and Cd) and petroleum hydrocarbons, particularly diesel oil. The study examines how different soil amendments and environmental conditions aid in the biodegradation of diesel oil in such polluted soils. The study focused on the effects of soil moisture, soil salinity, and inoculation of Piriformospora Indica (P. Indica) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the degradation of diesel oil in soils planted with triticale. The experimental treatments included the addition of MWCNTs (2% W/W) into soil contaminated with Pb and Cd along with different levels of diesel oil (0%, 5%, and 10% W/W). Triticale plants

were inoculated with P. Indica. After 70 days, the amounts of Cd in plant and soil samples were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and the degree of diesel oil degradation in the soil was also determined. The main findings were that MWCNTs greatly improved the biodegradation of diesel oil in soils under drought and salinity (6 dS/m) conditions, achieving more than 11.3% and 15.6% of the biodegradation of diesel oil. Additionally, P. Indica inoculated plants increased diesel oil biodegradation by 12.3%. This study contributes to the development of integrated methods for the remediation of co-contaminated soils.

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