Physicochemical and Microbiological Assessment of Low Rainfall and Extreme Weather Conditions: A Case Study on Tropic of Cancer in Bangladesh

The escalating concern regarding water scarcity, driven by recent declines in groundwater levels and reduced rainfall, particularly in Bangladesh's northwest and southwest regions, poses significant threats to agriculture, drinking water availability, and ecological balance. In these drought-prone areas, rainwater constitutes a crucial water source. This study involved the investigation of rainwater samples collected from three extreme weather regions located under the Tropic of Cancer: Faridpur, Kushtia, and Chuadanga. Microbiological analysis revealed substantial bacterial loads, with Kushtia exhibiting the highest growth at 3.31×10^6 CFU/mL, followed by Faridpur at 3.17×10^6 CFU/mL, and Chuadanga at 1.51×10^6 CFU/mL. Additionally, the most prominent fungal colony formations were observed in samples from Chuadanga and Faridpur. Physicochemical

assessment indicated that rainwater in the Faridpur region was the most contaminated, potentially attributable to anthropogenic air pollution. Specifically, Faridpur's rainwater was acidic, with a pH of 4.87, and contained Arsenic (As) at 0.22 mg/L, surpassing the standard values established by both ECR 2023 and WHO. Contamination levels in the other sampled regions were found to be within tolerable limits. This comprehensive evaluation of trace metals and microbial contamination highlights the imperative for robust water quality management strategies in these vulnerable areas.

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