A multi-criteria decision analysis for sustainable resource recovery from municipal wastewater in Zvishavane, Zimbabwe using the NEREUS DST

This research uses a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) framework to analyze the possible retrofit options for the recovery of resources for operating wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for the New Energy and Resource from Urban Sanitation Decision Support Tool (NEREUS DST) framework) that assists in the selection of best treatment trains for municipal wastewater in Zvishavane, Zimbabwe. An analysis of the twenty-week sampling of influent characteristics indicated medium-to-high strength wastewater that was highly biodegradable, and signaled significant potential for resource recovery. The engineer at the Zvishavane Town Council was consulted as an expert to guide the criterion weighting, and the greatest emphasis (33%) was placed on the criterion of health impacts

of environmental sustainability, with the subsequent emphasis placed on the technical (28%), economic (22%), and social (17%) factors. For struvite recovery (40%) and nitrogen recovery (~47%) anaerobic digestion and energy recovery pyrolysis (~25%) advanced membrane filtration with disinfection (~93%) water recovery, The NEREUS-DST treatment train integrated the recommendations of treatment. While the alternatives were technically feasible to build, the study determined that the anticipated capital expenditure of coupled systems would exceed US$ 655,910, and coupled systems would create operational challenges to the extent that they would require significant analysis and justification for actual implementation.

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