Integrated energy–exergy modeling and fleet-level decarbonization potential of dual-fuel LPG/diesel engines validated using AVL-BOOST

This research-oriented project framework provides a comprehensive methodology for evaluating the thermodynamic and environmental performance of retrofitted dual-fuel liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)/diesel engines. Utilizing advanced thermodynamic modeling, the framework integrates energy and exergy analyses to assess the efficiency improvements and emission trade-offs associated with LPG substitution in conventional compression-ignition engines. The simulation model is structured and validated against experimental data from representative engine platforms, specifically a common-rail AVL 5402 and a mechanically injected D1146TI engine, using AVL-BOOST software. Key performance indicators such as brake torque, specific energy consumption (SEC), in-cylinder pressure, and combustion phasing are systematically evaluated. At LPG substitution ratios ranging from 20% to 30%, the analysis investigates the

preservation of brake power, variations in exergy efficiency, and reductions in smoke emissions alongside the sensitivities of nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and unburned hydrocarbons (HC). Furthermore, the framework extends to a fleet-level decarbonization assessment, quantifying the tank-to-wheel (TTW) and well-to-wheel (WTW) carbon dioxide equivalent mitigation potential under varying penetration scenarios. This structured guidance supports academic researchers in conducting rigorous thermodynamic evaluations and environmental impact assessments of alternative fuel retrofits.

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