Autonomous Industrial IoT for Civil Engineering Structural Health Monitoring

This research looks at creating and testing a wireless sensor node that needs no battery and can power itself. The node can be placed inside reinforced concrete to monitor the structure over long periods. The device works as a cyber‑physical system and receives power wirelessly through radiated electromagnetic waves. This makes it fully self‑powered and removes the need for battery maintenance. Its design focuses on ultra‑low power use. It consumes less than 21 millijoules to gather data, format it, and transmit a 17‑byte LoRaWAN packet. That equals about 39 microjoules for each bit sent. A notable feature is cold‑start capability: the node can operate even when the antenna receives only

–17 dBm of power. Power delivery and two‑way control come from a remote node that works in all directions at 868 MHz (the ISM band). The remote node follows regional limits of +33 dBm for equivalent isotropic radiated power. Overall, this approach offers a reliable way to build maintenance‑free sensor networks that can be embedded deep in structures and send data tens of meters away. It provides a scalable solution for real‑time monitoring of civil infrastructure.

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