Aptamers in Ocular Disease Therapy and Drug Delivery: Current Progress and Future Opportunities.

This project gives design and simulation guidance for drug‑delivery systems that use aptamers to target eye diseases. Delivering drugs to the eye is hard because of barriers like the blood‑retinal barrier and the fast clearance of tears, which reduce the effectiveness of standard medicines. Aptamers are synthetic single‑stranded nucleic acids that bind very specifically, cause little immune response, and can be tuned for the right binding strength, making them good candidates for targeting eye tissue. The work presents a computational framework that models how strongly aptamers bind to specific vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors in the eye. Molecular‑docking tools are used for this binding‑affinity calculation. In addition, finite‑element analysis

simulates how aptamer‑coated nanoparticles diffuse and release their drug payload inside a virtual vitreous humor. By looking at how the particles move and how well they bind to the target, the study offers a step‑by‑step method for optimizing key formulation parameters such as nanoparticle size, the density of aptamer ligands on the surface, and the initial amount of drug loaded. This design framework can help guide lab‑scale development and assess whether aptamer‑based targeted therapies are practical for diseases affecting the back part of the eye.

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