Degradation-damage model application for landslide accumulation stability and reinforcement optimization in Southeast Xizang: a case study

This framework guides research and practical work for checking landslide stability and improving reinforcement in mountain highway corridors. It uses an elastoplastic damage constitutive model that includes the strain‑softening behavior of local soils. The model shows how strength gradually drops and how failure spreads. The constitutive model is run in FLAC3D to study the stability of a critical landslide under three conditions: normal operation, heavy rain, and seismic shaking. First‑round simulations give baseline safety factors and point out weak spots in the structure. To fix those weak spots, the framework suggests evaluating a mix of ground‑improvement methods: – Deep dynamic compaction – Silica‑fume‑enhanced chemical grouting The design of the reinforcement

aims to treat the smallest possible area at the soil‑bedrock interface and the highway subgrade while raising the safety factor as much as possible. The numerical results give a clear step‑by‑step way to confirm safety‑factor gains and to fine‑tune the geotechnical reinforcement plan. This provides a solid method for protecting highway infrastructure in geologically active regions.

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