Wave Digital Models of Piezoelectric Transducers for Audio Applications

This research looks at the sound limits of thin piezoelectric (PE) transducers, which are being used more often as flat‑panel speakers in consumer devices. Their slim shape helps make devices smaller, but the small size cuts the low‑frequency sound pressure a lot. To fix this, the paper presents efficient discrete‑time models of PE transducers in the Wave Digital (WD) framework. These models can be added to digital signal‑processing algorithms that improve audio. By turning the circuit equations that describe piezoelectric behavior into WD form, the authors create both lumped‑parameter and distributed‑parameter WD models. A major contribution is the successful inclusion of frequency‑dependent elements from Mason’s model into the WD domain,

something that standard SPICE‑type simulators can’t do. The resulting WD models run quickly, stay stable numerically, and give accurate electro‑acoustic simulation results. For M.Tech students, this work offers clear guidance on modeling multi‑port physical systems with wave variables. It provides a solid base for research in real‑time audio simulation, transducer prototyping, and digital filter design, although real‑world testing will need accurate identification of transducer parameters.

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