Single iterated fractal inspired UWB antenna with reconfigurable notch bands for compact electronics

This research addresses the challenge of designing compact, low-profile antennas for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications while mitigating interference from coexisting communication systems. The paper presents a 19 mm × 21 mm CPW-fed antenna fabricated on an FR-4 substrate. The design features a circular patch loaded with two fractal patches at the top and a rectangular stub at the bottom to achieve a broad operating bandwidth of 3–13.5 GHz. To suppress interference, three semicircular slots are sequentially etched into the geometry, creating notch bands at 3.9 GHz, 5.2 GHz, and 8.1 GHz. Active reconfigurability is introduced by integrating two PIN diodes across the slots, allowing dynamic control of the band-rejection states. The

reported findings demonstrate that the antenna maintains high radiation efficiency and moderate gain across the non-notched bands. For M.Tech implementation support, this project provides a strong framework for electromagnetic simulation and RF prototyping. However, practical implementation must account for the parasitic effects of the diodes and the complexity of the biasing network, which are critical for maintaining stable radiation patterns at higher frequencies.

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