Air-Coupled Ultrasound Systems for Biomedical Applications: Advances in Sensors, Electronic Interfaces and Signal Processing Strategies

Air-coupled ultrasound (ACU) presents a non-contact sensing modality with increasing utility across diverse biomedical applications. This technology supports two primary domains: the contactless monitoring of physiological parameters and the provision of assistive aids for robotic perception in unstructured environments, facilitating object tracking and geometric reconstruction. Significant advancements have been observed in electronic materials and sensor design, leading to improved ultrasonic sensor characteristics such as bandwidth, directivity, and intensity. Parallel progress in front-end electronics and advanced signal processing strategies, including artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted analysis, has further augmented ACU system performance, particularly in scenarios characterized by low signal-to-noise (SNR) ratios. An M.Tech project could involve the comprehensive study, simulation, and potential implementation

of low-frequency ACU systems. This would encompass an in-depth analysis of contemporary sensor technologies, the design and optimization of electronic interfaces, and the development of robust system architectures specifically tailored for non-contact biomedical and robotic applications. The methodology would involve evaluating signal processing techniques, such as adaptive filters, to enhance signal quality and extract meaningful physiological or environmental data.

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