DC traction grid modernization strategy to support EV chargers integration, enhance grid performance and profitability

This research proposes a comprehensive multi-stage modernization strategy for direct current (DC) traction grids, specifically addressing the seamless integration of electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure, battery energy storage systems, and distributed renewable energy sources. The methodology is underpinned by a robust return on investment (ROI) analysis, designed to facilitate informed decision-making across varying regulatory and operational conditions. A central element of this strategy involves the development and deployment of a novel power converter interface (PCI), which integrates multiple power converters, coupled with a Smart Grid-based integration concept tailored for modifying existing infrastructure. The effectiveness of this integrated approach is rigorously evaluated through the application of representative cost models. Results indicate

that the additional services enabled by the PCI, including EV charging capabilities, enhanced power quality, and efficient renewable energy integration, can achieve substantial ROI values, typically ranging from 10% to 20%. These outcomes are influenced by critical parameters such as prevailing electricity tariffs, grid penalty coefficients, and infrastructure utilization levels. The study concludes that a strategically staged modernization of traction substations can lead to significant improvements in power quality, effective reduction of grid overloads, and increased overall infrastructure utilization under appropriate operational contexts.

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