Construction of a leak detection and pressure regulation system for municipal water distribution networks integrating digital twin technology

This project guide looks at using digital‑twin technology to cut water loss in old city water distribution networks. Instead of handling leak detection and pressure control as separate tasks, the method links them together in a single, continuously synchronized digital twin. The hydraulic model combines an open‑source hydraulic kernel, pressure‑dependent demand closure, and emitter‑based leakage. Real‑time telemetry constantly updates heads, flows, Hazen–Williams roughness coefficients, and demand multipliers. These updates use an ensemble Kalman filter together with a weighted least‑squares recalibration step. For leak localization, the system normalizes residuals against daily demand patterns, then applies a sliding‑window CUSUM statistic and a Mahalanobis joint test.

The residuals are fed into a graph attention network (GAT) that scores each junction and ranks the most likely pipe segments. Pressure regulation is set up as a bi‑objective optimization that selects valve settings and pump speeds. Nodes are weighted by their leak posterior probabilities so that pressure is reduced where leaks are most likely. The source paper presents these results for each network studied, showing a closed‑loop framework for municipal water management.

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