European cyber security law in 2023: A review of the advances in the Network and Information Security 2 Directive 2022/2555

The fast growth of digital infrastructure needs strong rules to limit new cyber threats and keep services running in key sectors. The Network and Information Security 2 (NIS2) Directive (Directive 2022/2555) is a major step in EU cybersecurity law. It forces tighter risk‑management and incident‑reporting obligations. The directive also pushes the use of artificial intelligence (AI) as a core tool for proactive threat prevention and defense. This project helps design an automated compliance and threat‑monitoring framework that follows NIS2. It uses machine‑learning algorithms to examine network traffic, spot anomalies, and automate incident‑reporting steps to meet the legal requirements. The research looks at how AI‑based tools can aid organizations in finance,

healthcare, and digital infrastructure as they move into the NIS2 compliance era. By giving clear guidance on mapping policies to technical solutions, the work links legal directives with practical cybersecurity engineering. It offers a scalable architecture for continuous compliance verification and real‑time threat mitigation.

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