Agriculture 5.0: A Paradigm Shift Towards Intelligent and Sustainable Farming Systems – A Review

This review looks at how farming worldwide is moving toward Agriculture 5.0. It focuses on adding artificial intelligence, robotics, the Internet of Things (IoT), and blockchain to cope with limited resources and climate change. The paper follows the shift from hand‑labored work to highly connected, data‑driven farms. By examining tools such as remote sensing, big‑data analytics, variable‑rate technology (VRT), and smart irrigation, the study shows that modern agriculture can use water, fertilizer, and energy more efficiently while reducing environmental harm. The transition still faces two big problems. First, farm networks that are linked together are vulnerable to cyber attacks. Second, many traditional farmers lack the skills and resources to adopt

these new technologies. For M.Tech researchers, the review offers a starting point for building simulation models that measure the carbon footprint and resource‑use efficiency of smart irrigation and VRT. It also gives advice on spotting system weaknesses and creating secure, decentralized IoT designs for sustainable farming. Although the paper outlines these ideas and high‑level technology integrations, it does not include real‑world field data or detailed software implementation steps. This gap gives researchers a chance to develop and test localized simulation models.

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