Surface treatment and post-processing of metallic bio-implants: enhancing performance and biocompatibility

This review analyzes the current surface treatment and post-processing methods intended to enhance the performance and biocompatibility of metallic bio-implants. It discusses the issue of Young’s modulus mismatch between natural bone and metal alloys, which leads to stress shielding and the release of potentially harmful ions. The review discusses several surface coatings, such as ion implantation, anodization, and others, that can serve to improve not only tribological and corrosion resistance and biocompatibility, but also overall biocompatibility. Certain surface modification methods, including laser shock peening, Nitrogen Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation (NP-III), and anodization, are shown to improve titanium implant characteristics, including surface hardness, tissue incorporation, and the bio-activity of oxide layers.

Also, reviews the post-processing laser shock peening (LSP) and surface texturing that are used to alter the topography and microstructure of implant surfaces. It discusses the usefulness of such methods, especially laser texturing, in reducing friction and wear while creating beneficial compressive residual stress. The main point addresses the need to implement a specific method of surface modification to improve the bio-function of implants.

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