The Op-Amp That Tried to Output -10 V on ยฑ5 V Rails
A correct inverting-gain calculation can still request an impossible output. Check the supply rails before accepting the result.
Topic: Electronics
The Transistor That Refused to Amplify 100ร
An NPN switch has VCC = 5 V, Rc = 100 ฮฉ, ฮฒ = 100, and Ib = 1 mA. ฮฒIb predicts 100 mA, but with VCE(sat) โ 0.2 V the collector circuit can supply only about
The Protection Diode That Starved the 5 V Sensor
A 5 V source drives a forward-biased silicon diode and a 1 kฮฉ resistor in series. Using a 0.7 V silicon forward-drop model, the measured current is about 4