Smart Materials Employed in the Construction Industry: A Systematic Review of Types, Properties, Applications, and Sustainability Performance.

These guidelines help engineers evaluate how smart materials can be used in modern structures and construction. The focus is on three things: how well smart composites, shape‑memory alloys, and piezoelectric materials perform mechanically, how they can heal themselves, and how they adapt to changing conditions. The framework gives a step‑by‑step method to check their sustainability and structural efficiency. The project also classifies smart materials by how they react to stress, temperature, and moisture. It uses analytical models and side‑by‑side simulations to study their life‑cycle sustainability and mechanical durability when they face dynamic loads. By tackling current problems such as limited material data, difficulty scaling up, and high cost, the framework

helps choose the right smart composites for resilient infrastructure. The review provides a practical guide for modeling material behavior, optimizing composite designs, and setting performance metrics for sustainable construction, moving ideas from the lab to real structures.

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