Technological advancements in biohydrogen production and downstream processing for green energy transition: A review

This project looks at how biohydrogen technology is advancing and how it can be tied into farm operations to help the shift toward green energy. It uses waste biomass as the main feedstock, making biohydrogen a strong alternative to fossil fuels. Because raw biohydrogen carries trace impurities, it needs sophisticated purification and storage methods. The work reviews both standard and newer downstream‑processing techniques, such as pressure‑swing adsorption, membrane separation, and cryogenic distillation. These methods can reach hydrogen purities of up to 99.99 % while keeping recovery rates high. The project also compares different storage options. It weighs conventional high‑pressure tanks and cryogenic liquid storage against newer solid‑state metal‑hydride carriers. A

conceptual design for a small‑scale farm‑based biohydrogen purification and storage unit is presented. The design includes techno‑economic analysis and life‑cycle assessment. By examining energy use, material wear, and ways to fine‑tune the process, the research offers a clear roadmap for agricultural‑engineering students. They can use it to design, simulate, and evaluate decentralized biohydrogen systems that bring clean energy to rural and farming settings.

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