Spatial light modulation for femtosecond laser manufacturing: Current developments and challenges

The project looks at adding spatial light modulators (SLMs) to femtosecond laser manufacturing. Femtosecond lasers cut with high precision and cause little heat damage, but using a single beam is slow. An SLM can change the beam’s shape, split it, or steer it in real time, which can speed up work and allow complex 3D micro‑structures. Because the original paper is not available, this plan gives a step‑by‑step method to review the latest SLM work and the problems researchers see. Students will study phase‑only liquid‑crystal‑on‑silicon (LCOS) SLMs and look at key issues such as damage thresholds, the unwanted zero‑order beam, and phase‑modulation depth. They can either write a comparative review

or run a computer simulation of diffractive optical elements (DOEs) created with computer‑generated holography (CGH) algorithms. This will let them check how efficient and uniform multi‑beam arrays are. The guidance is meant to help M.Tech students set up a solid evaluation process for improving beam‑shaping performance in ultrafast laser material processing.

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