A Green Approach Used for Heavy Metals ‘Phytoremediation’ Via Invasive Plant Species to Mitigate Environmental Pollution: A Review

This framework gives detailed guidance on how invasive plant species (IPS) take up, move, and detoxify heavy metals for environmental cleanup. Human activities have sped up the release of toxic metals into soils and water, creating serious ecological and health problems. Using tough, fast‑growing invasive weeds for phytoremediation is an eco‑friendly and low‑cost way to address these issues. The project reviews the physiological and biochemical pathways that let IPS act as hyperaccumulators. It examines translocation factors and bioconcentration indices that are key to measuring plant efficiency. It also looks at modern biotechnological tools that can boost phytoremediation, such as genetic engineering, nanoparticle addition, microbial inoculation, and CRISPR‑Cas9 gene editing. By

mapping these biological and molecular processes, the work helps build models that predict how fast metals accumulate and what tolerance limits are. In short, this resource offers a practical guide for designing, simulating, and testing large‑scale phytoremediation systems aimed at cleaning contaminated soils and groundwater.

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