Comprehensive performance analysis of an electric vehicle using multi-mode Indian drive cycles.

This research-oriented simulation framework presents a comprehensive performance analysis of an electric vehicle (EV) propelled by a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive under multi-mode Indian drive cycles. Standard drive cycles often fail to capture the unique, highly transient stop-and-go traffic characteristics, varying congestion levels, and aggressive acceleration profiles typical of Indian urban and semi-urban road conditions. To address this, the methodology models a complete EV powertrain, incorporating a high-fidelity PMSM drive, a bidirectional DC-DC converter, a lithium-ion battery pack, and a field-oriented control (FOC) strategy. The system is subjected to diverse multi-mode Indian drive cycles, such as the Modified Indian Driving Cycle (MIDC) and real-world urban drive cycles, to

evaluate dynamic parameters including state-of-charge (SoC) depletion rates, regenerative braking efficiency, motor thermal behavior, and overall energy consumption. Through systematic simulation, the research provides critical insights into the efficiency optimization of PMSM drives under highly fluctuating load profiles. The framework serves as a structured guide for evaluating powertrain sizing, thermal management, and energy management strategies, offering robust implementation support for developing highly efficient electric vehicle propulsion systems tailored to specific regional driving patterns.

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