Multi-objective Optimization of Electric Vehicle Charging under TOU Price with Tidal Energy Access

This research looks at adding tidal energy to electric‑vehicle (EV) charging stations in microgrids such as offshore or island systems. To balance the grid’s needs with EV owners’ needs while using as much tidal power as possible, a multi‑objective optimization framework is set up. The mathematical model works under a time‑of‑use (TOU) pricing scheme and has three main goals: * minimize the mean square deviation of the grid load profile to keep the grid stable, * minimize the charging costs incurred by EV users, and * minimize the abandonment rate of generated tidal power. A genetic algorithm (GA) solves the non‑linear multi‑objective optimization problem and finds the optimal charging schedules

for the EVs. Simulation results validate that the three‑objective orderly charging strategy gives a better trade‑off than conventional uncoordinated charging methods. This provides a structured approach for building sustainable EV charging stations integrated with marine renewable energy sources, enhancing grid resilience and promoting green transportation.

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