A Novel Optimal PMU Placement Technique for Monitoring Smart Grid under Different Constraints

This work tackles the problem of making a smart‑grid network fully observable by placing Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) in the best locations. We formulate the problem as a binary integer linear program (BILP) that finds the smallest number of PMUs needed while still guaranteeing complete observability under a range of operating conditions. The model also uses any existing conventional power‑injection and power‑flow measurements, so we avoid installing unnecessary PMUs. We include important contingency cases, such as the loss of one or more PMUs or a communication link failure, to boost system redundancy and reliability. The network’s topology and connectivity matrix stay unchanged during the optimization. The mathematical model is built

and tested in MATLAB. We evaluate its performance on a 7‑bus example and on the standard IEEE 14‑bus test system. The method is fast, scales well, and helps plan the shift from traditional grids to active smart grids, providing a solid basis for state estimation and monitoring.

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