Application of phononic crystals in modern engineering vibration and noise control, a review

This review looks at how phononic crystals (PCs)—composite materials with regularly spaced inclusions—can be used to cut vibration and noise in modern engineering. Their repeating structure creates wave band gaps that stop elastic waves from traveling in certain frequency ranges. The paper discusses key design points such as adjustable band‑gap properties, topology optimization, and additive‑manufacturing methods. It also points out major challenges, like reducing low‑frequency vibrations and adding smart materials. For M.Tech students, the review offers a starting point for building numerical models and simulation tools to study elastic‑wave behavior. It mentions several possible uses, including vibration isolation for rail transit, mounting of power equipment, protection of precision instruments, and

underground barrier engineering. Because the review is broad, it does not give exact experimental parameters or detailed material recipes. Instead, it guides students on how to use finite‑element modeling (FEM) of periodic unit cells, calculate band structures with dispersion relations, and perform parametric optimization of lattice shapes to get the desired band‑gap performance.

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