Modeling, control and stabilization of virtual synchronous generator in future power electronics-dominated power systems: A survey of challenges, advances, and future trends

The shift to power‑electronics‑driven grids brings big problems for inertia, frequency control, and overall stability. Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) technology offers a way to make grid‑connected inverters act like traditional rotating machines, copying their inertia and damping. This project gives a full guide to modeling, controlling, and stabilizing VSGs under many grid conditions. It looks at the math behind active and reactive power loops, how virtual inertia is created, and how frequency droop works. The result is a solid framework for testing VSG performance. We focus especially on transient stability, low‑inertia grid weaknesses, and how control loops interact. Using detailed simulations, we explore advanced strategies such as adaptive inertia control

and robust damping to reduce frequency swings and voltage changes. The models and side‑by‑side comparisons provide a clear reference for building strong control designs in today’s decentralized grids. They help integrate renewable sources smoothly while keeping the grid synchronized and stable.

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