Variability of Physiochemical properties of Pig Manure with Added Wood Shavings during Open-Air Dumping and Windrow Composting

This project gives step‑by‑step guidance for measuring how pig manure changes when it is co‑composted with wood shavings under different handling methods. We compare two approaches: * Traditional open‑air dumping. * Controlled windrow composting, using either raw pig manure or manure mixed with wood shavings at a 90 % : 10 % mass ratio. During a 40‑day test we record the following key parameters for each pile: * Temperature * pH * Electrical conductivity * Moisture content * Total organic carbon * Total solids * Volatile solids * Mass loss Adding wood shavings as a bulking agent changes the thermophilic (high‑temperature) phase. It speeds up the stabilization of organic matter

and improves the carbon‑to‑nitrogen balance. By following the temperature and chemical changes, the study shows how to design small‑scale, farm‑level waste‑to‑resource systems. The data set can be used to: * Model how nutrients are retained. * Check how well pathogens are killed by reaching specific temperature thresholds. * Reduce environmental risks that come from unmanaged livestock waste. Overall, the findings help create standard operating procedures for turning organic waste into a useful resource.

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